Detailed analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of 5 driving methods of stepper motor

    The development of drive technology, from the original foreign outstanders to the emergence of various excellent technologies in the country, we can see the progress of domestic technology, but also can see that each technological innovation will bring several high-end technology to guide the market market revolution.

    Single voltage drive means that in the working process of the motor winding, only one direction voltage is supplied to the winding, and multiple windings alternately provide voltage. This method is an older drive method, and it is basically no longer used.

    Advantages: simple circuit, fewer components, simple control, relatively simple to achieve

    Disadvantages: The triode must be provided with sufficient current for switching processing, the stepper motor running speed is relatively low, the motor vibration is relatively large, the heat is large. Because it is no longer used, it is not described much.

    Due to the many shortcomings of the constant voltage drive, the further development of technology, the development of a new high and low voltage drive to improve some of the shortcomings of the constant voltage drive, the principle of high and low voltage drive is to use high voltage control when the motor movement to the whole step, the use of low voltage control when the movement to half a step, and the use of low voltage control when stopping.

    Advantages: The high and low voltage control improves the vibration and noise to a certain extent, and puts forward the concept of subdivision control stepper motor for the first time, and also puts forward the working mode of halving the current when stopping.

    Disadvantages: The circuit is relatively complex constant voltage drive, the high-frequency characteristics of the transistor are required to improve, the motor is still relatively large vibration at low speed, and the heat is still relatively large, and now basically do not use this drive mode.

    The working principle of self-excited constant current chopper drive is through the hardware design, when the current reaches a certain set value, the current is turned off by the hardware, and then it is turned on by another winding, and when the current of the other winding is turned on to a fixed current, it can be turned off by the hardware, so repeatedly, promoting the stepper motor operation.

    Advantages: The noise is greatly reduced, the speed is improved to a certain extent, and the performance is improved compared with the first two.

    Disadvantages: The circuit design requirements are relatively high, the circuit anti-interference requirements are relatively high, easy to cause high frequency, burn out the drive components, and the component performance requirements are relatively high.

    Current comparison Chopper drive is to convert the current value of the stepper motor winding into A certain proportion of voltage, and compare it with the preset value of the output of the D/A converter, and compare the result to control the switch of the power tube, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the phase current of the winding.

    Advantages: Make the motion control simulate the characteristics of sine wave, greatly improve the performance, the movement speed and noise are relatively small, can use relatively high subdivision, is the current popular control method.

    Disadvantages: The circuit is more complex, it is difficult to control the interference in the circuit and the theoretical requirements are consistent, easy to produce jitter, in the control of the formation of sine wave peaks and troughs, easy to lead to high-frequency interference, and then lead to the driver element heating or aging due to high frequency, which is also the main reason why many drivers are prone to red light protection when they are used for more than 1 year.

    This is a new motion control technology, which is a new driving method to overcome the shortcomings of current chopper drive technology. The core technology is to add the heating of the driving element and high frequency suppression protection technology under the premise of current comparison chopper drive.

    Advantages: With the advantages of current and chopper drive, the heat is particularly small and the service life is long.

    Disadvantages: new technology, relatively high price, currently each type of stepper motor and drive matching requirements are relatively strict.