How the particle size and shape of battery materials affect battery performance
Time:2023-12-02
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Recently, Cathleen Lin, General Manager of the Scientific Instruments Department of the China Science and Technology Division of Dachang Huajia, shared industry perspectives, exploring how the particle size and shape of battery materials affect battery performance and how they will promote the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry.
Nowadays, the electric vehicle (EV) industry is not only about transportation, but also a force that will change our future. Introducing the concept of low-carbon and sustainable development: promoting the energy revolution and building a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system.
As the global demand for electric vehicles continues to grow, the demand for advanced battery technologies that can provide longer range, faster charging speed, and higher sustainability is also increasing. Behind all these innovations, the microstructure and dynamics of battery materials determine their high-quality performance, which has a complex impact on the overall performance of batteries and directly affects the safety and performance of electric vehicles.
Accurate and comprehensive understanding of the structure-activity relationship of lithium battery materials requires the comprehensive use of multiple detection techniques. The analysis of the particle size and shape of battery materials plays a crucial role, which will directly shape the future of EVs and a broader energy landscape.
Particle size and shape of battery materials: a disruptive transformation
The performance of a battery largely depends on the characteristics of its core materials, especially the positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte, and separator materials. Among the many factors that affect battery performance, the particle size and shape of battery materials are becoming increasingly important.
Increase energy density
A key aspect of the development of electric vehicles is to maximize energy density. The smaller particles inside the battery material provide a larger electrochemical reaction surface area. This translates into increased energy storage capacity, allowing electric vehicles to travel longer distances in a single charge. By precisely controlling particle size, researchers are pushing the limits of energy density, which is a key factor in the widespread application of electric vehicles.
Optimize electrode performance
The particle shape plays a crucial role in determining the filling density and porosity of electrode materials. A well-defined particle shape promotes efficient filling, reduces internal resistance, and improves the flow of electrons inside the battery. This leads to faster charging discharge rates and excellent overall performance, making electric vehicles more competitive in terms of acceleration and range.
In addition, the negative electrode material is one of the key materials for lithium-ion batteries. The negative electrode material of lithium-ion batteries plays a role in storing and releasing energy, mainly affecting the initial efficiency and cycling performance of lithium-ion batteries.
The negative electrode material of lithium batteries consists of carbon based or non carbon based materials and other negative electrode active substances. Carbon based materials can be divided into negative electrode materials such as graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, and graphene. It is necessary to test the element content, especially carbon content, of the negative electrode material for quality control.
Improve electrolyte and separator
The particle characteristics also affect the electrolyte and separator. Fine tuning the size and shape of particles in the electrolyte can improve ion conductivity, directly affecting the charging and discharging efficiency of the battery. In addition, designing a diaphragm with a controlled aperture can improve safety and extend battery life.
Optimize the stability of battery slurry
Lithium battery slurry is mainly composed of active substances, conductive agents, binders, and solvents, and its dispersed phase is composed of particles with different sizes, morphologies, and densities.
The corresponding dispersion media are divided into oil-based solvent NMP (often used as a positive electrode slurry solvent) and water-based solvent deionized water (often used as a negative electrode slurry solvent). In the process of preparing lithium battery electrodes, the slurry process is the most front-end process, and the quality of the slurry obtained and the stability of the process will have a significant impact on the entire production process.
The many components of battery paste - electrode materials, graphite, polymer adhesives, and solvents - their interconnected structures play a crucial role in the quality of electrode coatings, with one important factor being the zeta potential. The zeta potential of particles in the slurry determines whether these particles are prone to aggregation.
Battery safety performance and defect detection
Without damaging the sample, the three-dimensional microstructure characteristics inside the sample and the bulk material can be clearly observed through tomography. For various types of batteries, non-destructive observation of internal structure can be conducted, including electrode winding, internal structural changes after multiple charging and discharging, internal structural damage after puncture testing, and analysis of various defects such as inclusion distribution.
Fully understand the impact on battery safety performance and improve battery safety performance through defect detection.
The role of advanced analytical instruments
Advanced analytical instruments play a crucial role in seeking excellent electric vehicle batteries. Material characterization techniques such as static light diffraction (laser particle size analyzer), dynamic light scattering (nanoparticle size analyzer), multiple light scattering (stability analyzer), ZETA potential analyzer, volumetric gas adsorption (specific surface and pore size analyzer), optical droplet method (contact angle measurement instrument), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and high-temperature combustion organic element analyzer (OEA) provide valuable insights into particle size, shape, and distribution.
By utilizing these cutting-edge technologies, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of battery materials, making data-driven decisions and accelerating innovation in EV battery materials.
Conclusion:
With the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry, analyzing the particle size and shape of battery materials is gradually becoming a key driving factor for innovation. By utilizing advanced analytical instruments to gain a deeper understanding of particle characteristics, researchers are changing the development pattern of EV batteries. At Dachang Huajia Scientific Instruments, we are proud to be a part of this journey of change, helping tomorrow‘s electric vehicles and driving sustainable progress for our planet. We work together to create a brighter and greener future for future generations.
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