Evolution of on-board wired charging technology
Time:2023-03-12
Views:1163
At present, there are two major development directions for on-board charging: wired charging and wireless charging. The following charging head network will introduce the development history of the two charging modes respectively.
Wired charging
Cigarette lighter has long been the standard equipment on cars, and even continues to this day. It came into being to meet the needs of smokers who are inconvenient to light cigarettes with open fire while driving. However, in recent years, with the popularity of smart phones and the increasing demand for in-car charging, the USB charging head of cigarette lighter has become a popular product of consumer electronics, which is also the first generation of in-car "wired charging" products we have seen.
First generation wired charging
The input of the on-board charger is the interface of the car cigarette lighter, which is directly connected to the car‘s 12v lead-acid battery. Its USB port output only supports 5v in the early stage, so only a step-down DC/DC is needed; However, with the popularity of fast charging, the USB port output of car charging should be able to support 5v-20v ultra-wide range, so the voltage rise and fall DC/DC and fast charging protocol chip developed strongly, which is consistent with the wide range output scheme required by the charging bank.
Second generation wired charging
The above car cigarette lighter charger is actually a consumer accessory product. However, with the strong demand for car charging, many car manufacturers directly integrate the USB port on the car center console, which is also the so-called second generation car wired charging scheme.
In terms of technical solutions, such products are basically the same as the first generation of car charging architecture. They generally focus on 5v output, or support some basic fast charging functions of Apple or Samsung, with a power of less than 15w. However, if the whole scheme is implemented inside the vehicle, it is already a real front-mounted product, which needs to comply with strict vehicle regulations, standards and certification, which is essentially different from traditional accessories.
Third generation wired charging
The third generation of on-board wired charging scheme came into being with the popularity of high-power fast charging at the USB-C port of mobile phones and the vigorous development of various fast charging protocols. It is defined as a high-power fast charging scheme that can support communication protocols.
As a universal electronic interface, USB-C has been widely used in mobile phones and other electronic devices. Its good compatibility, excellent communication capability and the maximum power that can support up to 100 watts are bound to unify the external interface of the car. Of course, due to the long-term requirements and high compatibility of automotive electronics, the USB-A interface will also exist for a long time.
To realize the fast charging of mobile phones, it needs the cooperation of DC/DC chips and communication protocol chips. The function description of the voltage rise/drop DC/DC chip can refer to the introduction of the first generation charging scheme, but the strict AEC-Q100 certification is necessary to achieve the interior of the vehicle.
The communication protocol chip is the soul of fast charging. At present, all manufacturers at home and abroad basically have their own private fast charging protocol or public protocol, such as common QC, AFC, VOOC, SCP, Flash charge, CC-based private protocol, as well as the universal PD and China‘s universal fusion protocol UFS.
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